Evaluation of correlation between Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker ERG and Diagnosys® Espion 2™ flicker ERG parameters.

PURPOSE: Diopsys® NOVA™ is a novel full-field electroretinography (ffERG) device that can make rapid measurements of retinal electrophysiologic function. Diagnosys® Espion 2™ is a clinical gold-standard ERG device. This study aimed to investigate whether light-adapted Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker ffERG magnitude and implicit time (converted from phase) measurements correlate with light-adapted Diagnosys® Espion 2™ flicker ffERG amplitude and implicit time measurements, respectively. METHODS: Twelve patients (22 eyes) with various retinal and uveitic diseases underwent light-adapted Diagnosys® Espion 2™ and Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker testing. Diopsys® magnitude and implicit time (converted from phase) measurements were compared to Diagnosys® amplitude and implicit time measurements, and a Pearson correlation was used to evaluate any existing correlation. Groups were also compared using generalized estimating equations. Bland-Altman plots were utilized to determine agreement between the comparison groups. RESULTS: Age of patients ranged from 14 to 87 years. 58% (n = 7/12) of patients were female. A significant, positive correlation (r = 0.880, P < 0.001) was observed between magnitude (Diopsys®) and amplitude (Diagnosys®) measurements. Amplitude increases by 6.69 µV for each 1 µV increase in Magnitude (p-value < 0.001). A statistically significant, strong positive correlation was observed between Diopsys® implicit time measurements (converted from phase) and Diagnosys® implicit time measurements (r = 0.814, p-value < 0.001). For each 1 ms increase in Diopsys® implicit time, Diagnosys® implicit time increases by 1.13 ms (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant positive correlation between light-adapted Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker amplitude and Diagnosys® flicker magnitude values. Additionally, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between Diopsys® NOVA™ fixed-luminance flicker implicit time (converted from phase) and Diagnosys® flicker implicit time values. These results imply that the Diopsys® NOVA™ module, which utilizes the nonstandard shortened International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) ERG protocol, can produce reliable light-adapted flicker ffERG measurements.

O DSM-5 e suas implicações no processo de medicalização da existência / The DSM-5 and its implications in the process of medicalization of existence / El DSM-5 y sus implicaciones en el proceso de medicalización de la existencia

O lançamento da quinta edição do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM), fruto de um demorado processo de revisão do DSM-IV-TR, acarretará mudanças na estrutura do próprio manual, que passará de um modelo de diagnóstico categorial para um modelo longitudinal. Tais mudanças proporcionarão um caráter preditivo aos diagnósticos. Nosso objetivo é discutir as implicações de algumas novas categorias diagnósticas propostas pelo DSM-5, no que tange, principalmente, ao fortalecimento do movimento de medicalização da existência. Apontamos como um dos principais desencadeadores dessa medicalização o fato de que os DSM deixam de ter um uso exclusivamente clínico. Para isso, apresentamos o aumento do número de vendas de medicamentos psiquiátricos no Brasil como um indicador desse movimento de medicalização da existência

The release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the fruit of a long revision process of the DSMIV- TR will result in changes in the structure of its own manual, which will change from a categorical diagnostic model to a longitudinal model. Such changes will confer a predictive characteristic to diagnosis. Our objective is to discuss the implications of some new diagnostic categories proposed by the DSM-5, concerning, especially, the strengthening of the movement that medicalizes its own existence. We point to, as one of the main triggers of this medicalization, the fact that the DSMs are no longer exclusively used clinically. To that end, we present the raise in the number of psychiatric drug sales in Brazil, as an indicator of this movement of medicalization of the existence

La publicación de la quinta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM), producto de un lento proceso de revisión del DSM-IV-TR, implicará cambios en la estructura del propio manual, que pasará de un modelo de diagnóstico categorial a un modelo longitudinal. Tales cambios proporcionarán un carácter predictivo a los diagnósticos. Nuestro objetivo es discutir las implicaciones de algunas nuevas categorías diagnósticas propuestas por el DSM-5, en lo que dice respecto, principalmente, al fortalecimiento del movimiento de medicalización de la existencia. Apuntamos como uno de los principales desencadenadores de esta medicalización el hecho que los DSM dejaron de tener un uso exclusivamente clínico. Para eso, presentamos el aumento del número de vendas de medicamentos psiquiátricos en Brasil como un indicador de este movimiento de medicalización de la existencia

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com câncer bucal em um CEO / Epidemiologic Profile of the Patients with Oral Cancer in a CEO

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de verificar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com câncer bucal, diagnosticados por biópsia e exame histopatológico, registrados nos arquivos de um Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO), no período de outubro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2013. Observou-se a prevalência relacionada entre os tipos de tumores, suas localizações, relação com tabagismo, diferenças entre os sexos, doenças sistêmicas associadas, grupos etários e tempo de evolução. Foram avaliados os dados obtidos de 1816 prontuários, dos quais 73 tiveram diagnóstico histopatológico de lesões malignas da boca. O tipo histológico mais frequente de câncer bucal encontrado neste estudo foi o carcinoma espino-celular, com 76,71% dos casos, estando diretamente relacionado ao tabagismo, acometendo principalmente pacientes em uma faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos... (AU)

The aim of this retrospective study is to verify the epidemiological profile of patients with oral cancer, diagnosed by biopsy and histopathology exam. It was evaluated the prevalence related to tumor type, their locations, and compared with smoking, gender, systemic diseases, age groups and time elapsed, registered in the archives of a Dental Specialty Center (CEO) in the period between October 2006 to February 2013. It was evaluated the data obtained from medical records of 1816 patients, of which 73 had histopathologic diagnosis of malignant lesions of the mouth. The most frequent type of oral cancer in this study was the squamous cell carcinoma, with 76.71% of cases, which was directly related to smoking, affecting mainly patients in an age range from 50 to 59 years... (AU)

Técnicas de minería de datos aplicadas al diagnóstico de entidades clínicas / Data mining techniques aplied to diagnosys of clinical entities

Disminuir el error médico y mejorar los procesos de salud es prioridad de todo el personal sanitario. En este contexto surgen los Sistemas Clínicos de Soporte para la Toma de Decisiones (CDSS), los cuales son un componente fundamental en la informatización de la capa clínica. Con la evolución de las tecnologías gran cantidad de datos han podido ser estudiados y clasificados a partir de la minería de datos. Una de las principales ventajas de la utilización de esta, en los CDSS, ha sido su capacidad de generar nuevos conocimientos. Con este fin se propone, mediante la combinación de dos modelos matemáticos, cómo se puede contribuir al diagnóstico de enfermedades usando técnicas de minería de datos. Para mostrar los modelos utilizados se tomó como caso de estudio la hipertensión arterial. El desarrollo de la investigación se rige por la metodología más utilizada actualmente en los procesos de Descubrimiento de Conocimiento en Bases de Datos: CRISP-DM 1.0, y se apoya en la herramienta de libre distribución WEKA 3.6.2, de gran prestigio entre las utilizadas para el modelado de minería de datos. Como resultados se obtuvieron diversos patrones de comportamiento con relación a los factores de riesgo a sufrir hipertensión mediante técnicas de minería de datos(AU)

Reduce medical errors and improve health processes is a priority of all health personnel. In this context arise the Clinical Support Systems for Decision Making (CDSS), which are a key component in computerization of the clinical layer. With the evolution of technologies, large amounts of data have been studied and classified based on data mining. One of the main advantages of using this in the CDSS, has been its ability to generate new knowledge. For this purpose, this paper presents, by combining two mathematical models, a way to contribute to the diagnosis of diseases using data mining techniques. Hypertension was taken as a case study to show the models used. The research development methodology follows the most used processes of knowledge discovery in databases: CRISP-DM 1.0, and relies on the free distribution tool WEKA 3.6.2. We obtained different patterns of behavior in relation to risk factors for developing hypertension using data mining techniques(AU)